Giovanni Gabrieli
It is hard to imagine Giovanni’s music without the earlier forms and textures developed by his uncle, Andrea. But how Giovanni cultivated and varied these forms displayed an inventive genius rarely found in the annals of the art.
Giovanni Gabrieli was a Venetian, born in 1553. In the 1570s, like his uncle, he crossed the Alps to the Bavarian Court in Munich , to experience the skill and excellence of Duke Albrecht V’s musical establishment under the direction of Orlandus Lassus. Albrecht died in 1579 and Giovanni probably returned to Venice as music at the Bavarian Court declined under Duke Wilhelm V.
In 1585 Giovanni Gabrieli succeeded his uncle Andrea as 1st organist at the Basilica of San Marco in Venice, and became the leading composer for both church and civic occasions in Venice after Andrea’s death in 1586. The 1587 Angelo Gardano print, ‘Concerti’, contained works by Andrea and Giovanni Gabrieli. This publication and the 1597 print, ‘Sacrae symphoniae’ spread Giovanni’s fame far and wide especially North to Germany and Scandinavia and even Poland, with names like Hassler, Schütz, Pederson, and Zielinski coming to Venice to study with Gabrieli.
The publication in 1605 of fellow Venetian Monteverdi’s ‘Quinto libro de madrigali’, which moved the madrigal away from the idea of vocal ensemble to a more solo with accompaniment format, further influenced Gabrieli’s composition, the results of which appeared in the posthumus collections of 1615: ‘Canzoni et sonate’ and ‘Symphoniae sacrae’. Giovanni Gabrieli died in August 1612 in Venice.
Angelus Domini
Gardano published ‘Symphoniae sacrae’ in Venice in 1597 . . . a remarkable collection of 63 motets and canzoni from 6 to 16 voices by Giovanni Gabrieli. “Angelus Domini” is a8–two choirs of 4 voices. It is quite obvious that Giovanni expected the highest quality of musicianship . . . teaching those tricky entries of “Iam surrexit” to the boys must have been fascinating to see.
The text is from St. Matthew’s gospel about the empty tomb, perhaps those sudden entries imply shock that Christ has risen from the dead.
Giovanni Gabrieli "Angelus Domini"
Angelus Domini descendit de coelo,
et accedens revolvit lapidem,
et super eum sedit.
Et dixit mulieribus: Nolite timere:
scio enim quia crucifixum quaeritis:
Iam surrexit: venite, et videte locum,
ubi positus erat Dominus. Alleluja.
An angel of the Lord
came down from heaven,
and rolled back the stone, and sat on it.
And said to the women: Do not be afraid:
for I know that you seek the crucified:
He has risen: come and see the place
where the Lord was lain. Alleluia.
Canzona La spiritada
Giovanni Gabrieli "Canzona La spiritada"
Lieto godea
A madrigal a8 for 2 choirs is found in the 2nd volume of ‘Concerti di Andrea et di Gio: Gabrieli’ printed by Gardano, Venice, 1587. In this performance Choir II is joined by Boston Shawm and Sackbut Ensemble members on recorders.
Giovanni Gabrieli "Lieto godea"
O magnum mysterium
Gabrieli sets this well-known motet for 2 Choirs, 4 voices in each choir. An early work, it appears in the ‘Concerti di Andrea et di Gio: Gabrieli’ of 1587. In this performance, Choir I is sung by Concentus Cantorum with organ accompaniment while Choir II is played by the Boston Shawm and Sackbut Ensemble.
The text is liturgical but non-biblical and is one of the Responses for Christmas Day Matins, possibly entering the liturgy in 11th century.
Giovanni Gabrieli "O magnum mysterium"
O magnum mysterium,
et admirabile sacramentum,
ut animalia viderent Dominum natum,
iacentem in praesepio!
Beata Virgo, cujus viscera
meruerunt portare
Dominum Iesum Christum. Alleluia!
O great mystery, and wonderful
sacrament, that animals should see
the new-born Lord, lying in a manger!
Blessed is the Virgin whose womb was
worthy to bear Christ the Lord.
Alleluia!